44th United States Congress | |||
United States Capitol (1869) |
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Duration: March 4, 1875 – March 4, 1877 | |||
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Senate President: | Henry Wilson, until Nov 1875; Vacant thereafter | ||
Senate Pres. pro tem: | Thomas W. Ferry | ||
House Speaker: | James G. Blaine Michael C. Kerr |
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Members: | 76 Senators 293 Representatives 9 Non-voting members |
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Senate Majority: | Republican | ||
House Majority: | Democratic | ||
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Sessions | |||
1st: December 6, 1875 – August 15, 1876 2nd: December 4, 1876 – March 3, 1877 |
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The Forty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1875 to March 4, 1877, during the seventh and eighth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.
Affiliation | Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
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Total | ||||
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Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) |
Independent Republican (IR) |
Other | Vacant | ||
End of previous congress | 20 | 51 | 0 | (Liberal Republican) 2 |
73 | 1 |
Begin | 26 | 44 | 1 | 0 | 73 | 1 |
End | 28 | 45 | 76 | 0 | ||
Final voting share | 36.8% | 63.2% | 0.0% | |||
Beginning of the next congress | 33 | 42 | 0 | (Independent) 1 |
76 | 0 |
Affiliation | Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
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Total | ||||||
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Democratic (D) |
Independent Democratic (ID) |
Independent Republican (IR) |
Republican (R) |
Independent (I) |
Other | Vacant | ||
End of previous congress | 95 | 7 | 0 | 199 | 0 | (Liberal Republican) 4 |
290 | 2 |
Begin | 177 | 1 | 3 | 101 | 4 | 0 | 287 | 5 |
End | 182 | 100 | 292 | 2 | ||||
Final voting share | 62.8% | 35.8% | 1.4% | 0.% | ||||
Beginning of the next congress | 144 | 2 | 0 | 146 | 0 | 0 | 292 | 1 |
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
State (class) |
Former senator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
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Louisiana (3) | Vacant | Vacancy caused by the Senate in declining to seat rival claimants William L. McMillen and P. B. S. Pinchback. [1] Successor was elected. | James B. Eustis (D) | January 10, 1876 |
Tennessee (1) | Andrew Johnson (D) | Died July 31, 1875. An interim successor was appointed. | David M. Key (D) | August 18, 1875 |
Connecticut (3) | Orris S. Ferry (R) | Died November 21, 1875. An interim successor was appointed. | James E. English (D) | November 27, 1875 |
Connecticut (3) | James E. English (D) | Successor elected May 17, 1876 | William H. Barnum (D) | May 18, 1876 |
Maine (2) | Lot M. Morrill (R) | Resigned July 7, 1876 after being appointed United States Secretary of the Treasury | James G. Blaine (R) | July 10, 1876 |
West Virginia (1) | Allen T. Caperton (D) | Died July 26, 1876 | Samuel Price (D) | August 26, 1876 |
Colorado (2) | New seats | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seats remained vacant until November 15, 1876 | Henry M. Teller (R) | November 15, 1876 |
Colorado (3) | Jerome B. Chaffee (R) | |||
Tennessee (1) | David M. Key (D) | Successor elected January 19, 1877 | James E. Bailey (D) | January 19, 1877 |
West Virginia (1) | Samuel Price (D) | Successor elected January 26, 1877 | Frank Hereford (D) | January 31, 1877 |
District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's installation |
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Georgia 9th | Vacant | Rep-elect Garnett McMillan died before taking seat | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | May 5, 1875 |
Maine 4th | Vacant | Rep. Samuel F. Hersey died during previous congress | Harris M. Plaisted (R) | September 13, 1875 |
New York 33rd | Vacant | Rep.-elect Augustus F. Allen died died before taking seat | Nelson I. Norton (R) | December 6, 1875 |
Massachuetts 1st | James Buffington (R) | Died March 7, 1875 | William W. Crapo (R) | November 2, 1875 |
Oregon At-large | George A. La Dow (D) | Died May 1, 1875 | Lafayette Lane (D) | October 25, 1875 |
Tennessee 4th | Samuel M. Fite (D) | Died October 23, 1875 | Haywood Y. Riddle (D) | December 14, 1875 |
Connecticut 3rd | Henry H. Starkweather (R) | Died January 28, 1876 | John T. Wait (R) | April 12, 1876 |
Florida 2nd | Josiah T. Walls (R) | Lost contested election April 19, 1876 | Jesse J. Finley (D) | April 19, 1876 |
Illinois 3rd | Charles B. Farwell (R) | Lost contested election May 6, 1876 | John V. Le Moyne (D) | May 6, 1876 |
Connecticut 4th | William H. Barnum (D) | Resigned May 18, 1876 after being elected to the US Senate | Levi Warner (D) | December 4, 1876 |
Louisiana 5th | Frank Morey (R) | Lost contested election June 8, 1876 | William B. Spencer (D) | June 8, 1876 |
Idaho Territory At-large | Thomas W. Bennett) (I) | Lost contested election June 23, 1876 | Stephen S. Fenn (D) | June 23, 1876 |
Maine 3rd | James G. Blaine (R) | Resigned July 10, 1876 after being appointed to the US Senate | Edwin Flye (R) | December 4, 1876 |
Kentucky 5th | Edward Y. Parsons (D) | Died July 18, 1876 | Henry Watterson (D) | August 12, 1876 |
Pennsylvania 12th | Winthrop W. Ketcham (R) | Resigned July 19, 1876 after being appointed judge to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania | William H. Stanton (D) | November 7, 1876 |
South Carolina 2nd | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR) | Seat declared vacant July 19, 1876 | Charles W. Buttz (R) | November 7, 1876 |
Massachusetts 4th | Rufus S. Frost (R) | Lost contested election July 28, 1876 | Josiah G. Abbott (D) | July 28, 1876 |
Colorado Territory At-large | Thomas M. Patterson (D) | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876 | Statehood achieved | |
Colorado At-large | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seat remained vacant until October 3, 1876. | James B. Belford (R) | October 3, 1876 |
Indiana 3rd | Michael C. Kerr (D) | Died August 19, 1876 | Nathan T. Carr (D) | December 15, 1876 |
Indiana 2nd | James D. Williams (D) | Resigned December 1, 1876 after being elected Governor of Indiana | Andrew Humphreys (D) | December 5, 1876 |
New York 7th | Smith Ely, Jr. (D) | Resigned December 11, 1876 | David D. Field II (D) | January 11, 1877 |
Louisiana 5th | William B. Spencer (D) | Resigned January 8, 1877 to become an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court | Vacant | Not filled this term |
West Virginia 3rd | Frank Hereford (D) | Resigned January 31, 1877 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Georgia 9th | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | Resigned March 3, 1877 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
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